Wednesday, August 7, 2019
The Relationship between Working Parents and Children Socialization Essay Example for Free
The Relationship between Working Parents and Children Socialization Essay First Part The Problem of the Study and its Importance The importance of this study arises from its subject socialization, which hardly reflects many social, cultural and political problems that any society may live at any stage of its history, where during socialization process transferring the values and norms of society in which he wished planted in the hearts of its citizens to preserve the entity and deal with its problems. About Kuwaiti society it seems more important in this period of its history, which saw open to the world cultures out side Kuwaiti state and seek with global problems, that period also increased the degree of urbanization and complexity in the social systems that simple traditional Arab society, which was based on direct relations and Layout and tribal system, but now they have become the socialization process more difficult and complex and become dangerous, because women left for work and hiring nannies foreigners in the upbringing of children, which led to the shrinking role of the family in the process of generations socialization. The family is the first and the largest social institution that carry responsibility is rearing generations, but unique in some stages of its history. The family is the social association consists of a husband, wife and children or without children. may also consist of the husband alone with a children or wife alone, with their children. The family has expanded to include grandparents, and some relatives to be involved in one living with the husband and wife and children (Ogburn Nimkoff, 1995). The family may be defined as the smallest, organized, and most basic durable network of survival (Stackm 1996, P.31) we define family as any group of people related either biologically, emotionally, or legally. That is, the group of people that the patient defines as significant for his or her well-being (McDaniel et al., 2005, P.2). As the social environment in which the child relates to outside world, and responsible for giving the child attributes and characteristics of his personality and the styles parents in the upbringing consequent results reflected in the extremely important on the personality of children as well as the type of relationship that grows between parents and children and how the transaction is a significant factor included in the formation of the childs personality. (CM. Felming 1999, P26). The family is the first social unit, which carry the responsibility of upbringing children and trying to provide them with characteristics and attributes that help them to be good citizens in society, as well as prepare them socially to be able to confront live conditions and have the ability to face the problems met during their daily lives, also the family permissive atmosphere may satisfy children emotional needs, because if the child feel safe and trust in the family , it makes him adjustment with their people around him. The socialization process of preparing the individual from birth, to be a social and a member in society. The family is the first environment responsible this preparation by receiving child, learn him social behavior and learn native language and cultural heritage as customs, traditions, social traditions and take, it seems resistance to these specifications and values in the same ones arise as a viable member of society and the family in this would hardly have an environment in which the other. Young humans are the most helpless of all creatures: unable to feed themselves, walk, and talk for many months, and not fully independent for many years. Young children have the biological potential to learn human skills, but they cannot do so alone. The few known cases of children reared in isolation – children who survived with absolute minimum care – indicate that humans cannot even learn to walk without social contact.            The nature of early human interaction was of particular interest to the American Sociologists Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead, Cooley developed the concept of the â€Å"looking-glass-self†– the idea that we develop individual identity by how others see us, Mead elaborated on this idea with his notion of significant others – people whose judgments are important to us. Children first shape their behavior according to norms enforced by significant others. In time, they obey guidelines on their own. They have developed a conscience through a process that sociologists call internalization. Human learn the ways of the society from agents of socialization. The most important of these in a child’s early years is the family. Through it, the child acquires the first statuses and rules (son or daughter, brother or sister) and learns basic values and norms. (for instance – sex role socialization – the different behaviors expected of male and female). At an early age, at least, a child is also exposed to other agents – television. While tv entertains and communicates knowledge, it also imparts values such as competitiveness and violence as a solution to problems. Communities are different like social and educational institutions in the path taken by the methods and means of the practice of socialization of its members in an attempt to preserve its existence and transfer of their culture and their heritage to future generations, and families are different in the educational methods and ways of socialization, which parents deals with their children in the daily situations of for controlling their behavior and orientation and acquisition of the desired behavioral patterns derived from religion, language, values, traditions and knowledge of parents, and this difference is due to several factors, some of them related to parents themselves the educational and cultural level and the level of economic and social status of the family and other factors related to the construction of culture and circumstances of the family addition the parents acquired during their childhood and their educational and life experience, as well as the conditions of society itself and the degree of urbanization faced by the goals it seeks to achieve. The changes that have taken place in Arab Society in General and Kuwaiti society in particular led to the effects of direct and indirect on socialization process which, the Kuwaiti society is a homogeneous society has cultural identity and religious and nationality Kuwaiti society affected by global changes and the culture of the neighboring States, both in patterns Conduct or social practices, which led to changes in methods of socialization for social change undergone by the community must be taken into account in the study of socialization trying to understand the methods and the associated problems where family relations in general is linked to culture and prevailing conditions of society, so a social studies confirm a change in the pattern of relations prevailing in the Arab society in general and in particular the Gulf society and the Saudi society as one of the society that have undergone a period of rapid economic and social change over the past decades, what to call the peri od of economic boom. These socioecomic changes included cultural changes, including family pattern of dealing in particular with regard to the authority of the father in the family, which led to some sort of disagreement among some families in terms of decision-making in many things related to children. (Abd El Aziz El Shatry, 2004. P12).            Socialization is a learning process that begins shortly after birth. Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most crucial socialization. It is then that we acquire language and learn the fundamentals of our culture. It is also when much of our personality takes shape. However, we continue to be socialized throughout our lives. As we age, we enter new statuses and need to learn the appropriate roles for them. We also have experiences that teach us lessons and potentially lead us to alter our expectations, beliefs, and personality. For instance, the experience of being raped is likely to cause a woman to be distrustful of others. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm            Looking around the world, we see that different cultures use different techniques to socialize their children. There are two broad types of teaching methodsformal and informal.  Formal education is what primarily happens in a classroom. It usually is structured, controlled, and directed primarily by adult teachers who are professional knowers. In contrast, informal education can occur anywhere. It involves imitation of what others do and say as well as experimentation and repetitive practice of basic skills. This is what happens when children role-play adult interactions in their games. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm            Most of the crucial early socialization throughout the world is done informally under the supervision of women and girls. Initially, mothers and their female relatives are primarily responsible for socialization. Later, when children enter the lower school grades, they are usually under the control of women teachers. In North America and some other industrialized nations, baby-sitters are most often teenage girls who live in the neighborhood. In other societies, they are likely to be older sisters or grandmothers. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm            During the 1950s, Margaret Mead led an extensive field study of early socialization practices in six different societies. They were the Gusii  of Kenya, the Rajputs  of India, the village of Taira  on the island of Okinawa in Japan, the Tarong  of the Philippines, the Mixteca  Indians of central Mexico, and a New England community that was given the pseudonym Orchardtown. All of these societies shared in common the fact that they were relatively homogeneous culturally. Two general conclusions emerged from this study. First, socialization practices varied markedly from society to society.  Second, the socialization practices were generally similar among people of the same society. This is not surprising since people from the same culture and community are likely to share core values and perceptions. In addition, we generally socialize our children in much the same way that our parents socialized us. Margaret Mead and her fellow researchers found that different methods were used to control children in these six societies. For instance, the Gusii primarily used fear and physical punishment. In contrast, the people of Taira used parental praise and the threat of withholding praise. The Tarong mainly relied on teasing and scaring. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm As the shift from extended family to nuclear family in Kuwaiti society to maximize family responsibility of the couple, house wife, who become people to become directly responsible for the care of all the affairs, which doubled because of increasing demands of modern life and the consequent accumulation of burdens also economic and social changes in Kuwaiti society and increasing opportunities for education and awareness among women led to participate in bearing the burden of living life by coming to work. Increasing women coming to work led to a change of roles within the family and led to the women to do anther works and roles, which impact on the care and socialization of children. The woman going out to work has important implications for building family. Human infants are born in our world without any culture, tradition or religion. They must be transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into cultural and socially adept animals. The general process of acquiring culture is referred to as socialization. During socialization, we learn the language of the culture we are born into as well as the roles we are to play in life. For instance, girls learn how to be daughters, sisters, friends, wives, and mothers. In addition, they learn about the occupational roles that their society has in store for them. We also learn and usually adopt our cultures norms through the socialization process.  Norms are the conceptions of appropriate and expected behavior that are held by most members of the society. While socialization refers to the general process of acquiring culture, anthropologists use the term enculturation  for the process of being socialized to a particular culture. You were enculturated to your specific culture by your parents and the other people who raised you. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm Socialization is important in the process of personality formation. While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold it in particular directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences. These very likely accounts for much of the difference between the common personality types in one society which is in comparison to one another. For instance, the Semai tribesmen of the central Malay Peninsula of Malaysia typically are gentle people who do not like violent, aggressive individuals. In fact, they avoid them whenever possible. In contrast, the Yanomamà ¶Ã‚ Indians on the border area between Venezuela and Brazil usually train their boys to be tough and aggressive. The ideal Yanomamà ¶ man does not shrink from violence and strong emotions. In fact, he seeks them out. Likewise, Shiite Muslim men of Iran are expected at times to publicly express their religious faith through the emotionally powerful act of self-inflicted pain. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm            Even try to make appropriate and balance between working inside and outside the family including the following: Womens work leads to a redistribution of roles within the family and its profound impact on husband and wife psychology as well as its impact on children. Often accompanied by womens employment and redistribution of roles within the family conflict in these roles, which is reflected negatively children social up brining who leave and the woman going out to work where their ambitions in education and desire to occupy the highest positions from the point of her desire to marriage and independence the second makes it confuse two different things so that one at the expense of the other spouse publicized that the family unit is losing its essential component and thus begin differences that lead to conflict. Womens work may lead to increase the divorce rate and complains the courts due to marital troubles and problems, which could be seen as a result of disagreement between traditional values that put in the hands of men influence power and authority the new circumstances that opens new horizons for women. Accompanied of womens employment some problems as crime and juvenile delinquent as due to children left for domestic and nannies to care weaken social upbringing. Weaken values and religious values in addition to the effective of control of the parents of children with a sense of vacuum, all that highlights the social problems that lead children to deviance (Rafaat Besher, 2003, P.24). As the women employment in Kuwaiti state, and in the absence of sufficient nurseries have qualified supervision, as well as the economic boom, led to the hiring nannies and servants who carry out social service and welfare of children and their development and it is further bad that these nurses and workers from foreign countries differ culture, customs, traditions and the culture of healthy habits and the Kuwaiti society which has had a negative effect, including. (Ministry Of Working And Social Affairs, 1983, P60). Feeling of alienation and loss of children due to parental negligence. Lack of strong correlation and ties with one or both parents. Distribution of children between parents and nannies. Conflicting methods of socialization. Wide spreading of western social values which are different from the Kuwaiti values. Exposure to educational methods wrong. Impact the natural language acquisition and false information. The effects of foreign nannies seem in spreading of many of the practices and habits of Western society, which negatively affects the behavior patterns prevailing. Newspapers have several and numerous ethical and behavioral problems that occurred and practiced by servants and nannies and their impact on the upbringing of children (Refaat Bacheer, 2003, P. 243). Second Part Objectives of the study and its purposes The present study aims at identify the nature of socialization process and important techniques and methods of socialization that used by the family with working woman and other without working woman, also identifying factors effect on the nature of socialization. Purposes of the study 1- Identifying techniques and methods of socialization that was used by Kuwait families with their children. 2- Disclosure of the great differences between socialization techniques and methods of families with working woman and others without working woman. 3- The impact of the use of foreign nannies on the socialization of Kuwaiti child. 4- Identifying the affected factors on socialization process of Kuwait child. Third Part Questions of the Study What are the techniques and methods of socialization used by Kuwaiti family with children? and is there any different between these techniques and methods in both families with working woman and other without working woman ? What is the impact of using foreign nannies on socialization process for Kuwaiti child ? What is the impact of working woman on socialization process for Kuwaiti child? What are the main factors that affect a child’s socialization process in Kuwait? Fourth part Methodology of the Study            The present study concerns with collecting data by using multi approaches through literature review related to the study problem,            Interview, social survey by sample way, schedule for two samples of families one of them includes working woman while other without working woman. In the following, the researcher will address, in detail, the study methodology : Literature review : The first step to conduct the present study is to shed light on literature review related to the study subject whether it focuses on socialization process or focuses on working woman in the Arab Gulf societies in general and in particular in Kuwaiti society. This part literature review will form and help the quality and design the study methodology. Family survey and interviews: The present study depends on social survey method to answer the study questions and to achieve its goals, also social survey may aims at identifying techniques and methods used by Kuwaiti families to social up bringing their children. Also the effect of using foreign nannies on socialization process for children. Social survey also will provide with information and experiences about these subjects, and describe the current situation, design plan or program for social reform. Finally it helps to understand the study problem and factors caused it (Robert Barker , 1999, P, 32) Sample: The researcher will select about (200) family to conduct the present study from Kuwaiti society, (100) of them has working woman and (100) family has non working woman. Sample of working wives work in the Ministry of Educational , the researcher will select similar sample taking in considerations the following variables : Disclosure of the great differences of families with working woman and the other families without working woman. Duration of the marriage is not less than 15 years. The existence of children, so the family should consists of not less than (3) children and their aged not les than (12) years. Data collectors The researcher will collect data by himself; he will meet families by using schedule interview. Data collection instruments: Questionnaires Recorder Handouts and Guides The schedule of Interview It consists of: Primary data Techniques and methods used by families in bringing up their children. The impact of working woman in socialization of their children Family suggestions to meet social problems due to working woman. Data Analysis            Data analysis will use quantitative analysis of certain transactions transact such as statistical ratio / middle / standard deviations , K2 / correlations, as well as qualitative analysis of the study data. The first and most important consideration in designing a study is its objectives. Statistical inference in particular, tests of statistical significance may be of little interest, in which case statistical power need not be considered in determining the sample size needed. A researcher may instead wish to monitor a particular area mainly as a descriptive tool. If data are gathered in a standardized fashion (Ralph et al.1993), the data from one area can contribute to regional or national monitoring programs, which likely have statistical inference as an objective. In many cases the number of stations will be limited by available resources or by the physical areas of interest. Some researchers will be able to establish one, or at most, a couple of demographic monitoring stations. In those cases placement of the station will usually be constrained by the location and size of the place of interest, by the density of the people of special concern, or be centered on the location of the families or persons of interest. Power calculations and sample size calculations both rely on the presumed magnitude of the effect in question. Clearly, the greater the presumed effect, the greater the power will be to detect that effect, and, conversely, the smaller the necessary sample size to detect an effect at a parental power. The difficulty here is that the true difference between groups is unknown, and furthermore one cannot necessarily use the observed magnitude of an effect (e.g., observed difference between two groups) as the criterion for judging power. The following is a selective review of some statistical terms relevant to a researcher conducting a monitoring study. Our intention here is to re- acquaint the reader with terms and principles that may have rested dormant for many years. Accuracy An estimator is accurate if it produces estimates that are, on average, close to the true value, i.e., without bias or with a minimum of bias. Accuracy is independent of precision (below). An estimate can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, or both accurate and precise. The difficulty is that often the true value is unknown and therefore accuracy is difficult to judge, except for simulated data where an investigator knows the true values. Bias The difference between the average estimate (more precisely, the expected value of the estimate) and the true value. Bias is not the same as à ¬errorà ®, rather it is one kind of error, systematic error. If an estimate is as likely to be an overestimate as it is to be an underestimate, the estimator in question is unbiased, even though there will always be error associated with an estimate. To minimize bias would, by de?nition, maximize accuracy. Precision Refers to the variability of the estimate: the smaller the variability (and thus the smaller the standard error) of the estimate, the greater the precision. As mentioned above, precision is independent of accuracy. An estimate can be very precise, but wildly inaccurate (i.e., strongly biased). Type I and Type II errors Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is correct is committing a Type I error. The probability of committing a Type I error is symbolized and is the significance level of a test of statistical inference. Duration of the study: It begins from selecting sample and collecting data; literature review and writing the final report of the study. Fifth part Time plan May Literature review June July August Identifying / selecting sample September October Design data collection instruments viability / validity November December Schedule test January Data collection February March April Data correction May Quantitative analysis Quantitative analysis June July Writing the research report August SIX PART: References Abd El Baset Mohamed Hassan, Social Research, Cairo , Wahba library, 1998. Abd El Aziz El Shatry , Family and its, Roles in Behavioral guidenc, ouet, Monhal Journal No, 563, 2001. B. Hurlock, Development of psychology, New Delhi , Mc Grow Hull , Publishing co, 1993. M, Felming, Adolesnt, social psychology , London, Rotelds kegan poul, 1999. Ibrahim Madkor, Social science Dictionary, Cairo, Publish institution for Books, 1990. Ministry of social Affairs on marking, the impact of foreign sisters , on the question family, Kuwait, 1993. McDaniel, S.H., Cambell, T.L., Hepworth, J., Lorenz, A. Family-oriented primary care (2nd ed). New York, NY: Springer , 2005. Stack, C.B. All our kin. New york, NY : Basic Books, 1996. Ogburn Nimkoff, technology and changing family, Cambridge , mass, 1955. Refat Besheer, social change in Arab gulf country , Dueit , Zot El salasl, 1987 Robert Barsker, Social work Dictionary, Washington N.A.S.W, 1999 Refe (united Nations Universal declaration of human rights. Retrieved July 11, 2005, From http://www.un.org/overview/rights.html , 1948.
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